Musculoskeletal disorders are conditions that affect the muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues in the body. Some common musculoskeletal disorders include arthritis, osteoporosis, back pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome. These disorders can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited range of motion in affected areas. Treatment for musculoskeletal disorders may include medication, physical therapy, and surgery. Prevention strategies include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and using proper ergonomics when performing physical tasks. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes of musculoskeletal disorders, developing effective treatments, and improving prevention techniques to reduce the burden of these conditions on individuals and healthcare systems.